<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel: nauka, bezpieczeństwo, refleksja... : Mikronauka]]></title><description><![CDATA[Krótkie formy i podcasty poświęcone pojedynczym zagadnieniom naukowym, wyjaśniane w zwięzły, klarowny sposób. Mikronauka.com pozwala szybko zrozumieć mechanizmy i odkrycia, które kształtują naszą wiedzę o świecie oraz obala mity i populizmy. ]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OMnW!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd621727b-1b74-47f7-b957-7849a11c64f9_6000x4000.jpeg</url><title>Artur J. Dubiel: nauka, bezpieczeństwo, refleksja... : Mikronauka</title><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 09:19:35 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Artur Dubiel]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[pl]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[dubiel@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[dubiel@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[dubiel@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[dubiel@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Przypadek czy przyczyna? Dlaczego korelacja to jeszcze nie dowód? — Mikronauka #6]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#322;uchaj teraz | Podcast (popularno)naukowy Mikronauka &#8212; odcinek 6: Przypadek czy przyczyna? Dlaczego korelacja to jeszcze nie dow&#243;d?]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/przypadek-czy-przyczyna-korelacja-dowod</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/przypadek-czy-przyczyna-korelacja-dowod</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 17:25:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/198553549/b71045d49eeeb56afe850da4ecb81a7e.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Korelacje potrafi&#261; wygl&#261;da&#263; przekonuj&#261;co. Dwa zjawiska pojawiaj&#261; si&#281; jednocze&#347;nie, wykresy uk&#322;adaj&#261; si&#281; niemal identycznie, a nasz m&#243;zg automatycznie zaczyna szuka&#263; mi&#281;dzy nimi zwi&#261;zku. Problem w tym, &#380;e rzeczy, kt&#243;re wyst&#281;puj&#261; razem, nie zawsze s&#261; ze sob&#261; powi&#261;zane. Czasem to przypadek. Czasem z&#322;udzenie. A czasem efekt naszej naturalnej potrzeby porz&#261;dkowania &#347;wiata.</p><p>W tym odcinku podcastu Mikronauka przygl&#261;damy si&#281; jednej z najcz&#281;stszych pu&#322;apek my&#347;lenia &#8212; myleniu korelacji z przyczynowo&#347;ci&#261;. Pokazuj&#281;, dlaczego dwie rzeczy mog&#261; wygl&#261;da&#263; na powi&#261;zane mimo braku realnego zwi&#261;zku, jak &#322;atwo manipulowa&#263; statystyk&#261; i dlaczego pojedyncze przyk&#322;ady potrafi&#261; by&#263; bardziej przekonuj&#261;ce ni&#380; rzetelne dane. To odcinek o tym, jak nasz umys&#322; pr&#243;buje dostrzega&#263; sens nawet tam, gdzie go nie ma.</p><p>Ale ta pu&#322;apka ma bardzo realne konsekwencje. Wp&#322;ywa na decyzje dotycz&#261;ce zdrowia, polityki, ekonomii czy bezpiecze&#324;stwa. W &#347;wiecie pe&#322;nym danych i wykres&#243;w umiej&#281;tno&#347;&#263; odr&#243;&#380;niania przypadku od rzeczywistej przyczyny staje si&#281; jedn&#261; z podstawowych kompetencji wsp&#243;&#322;czesnego cz&#322;owieka.</p><div><hr></div><p>W tym odcinku:</p><ul><li><p>czym r&#243;&#380;ni si&#281; korelacja od przyczynowo&#347;ci</p></li><li><p>dlaczego nasz m&#243;zg automatycznie szuka wzorc&#243;w i zale&#380;no&#347;ci</p></li><li><p>jak przypadkowe dane mog&#261; tworzy&#263; pozornie logiczne zwi&#261;zki</p></li><li><p>dlaczego pojedyncze historie bywaj&#261; bardziej przekonuj&#261;ce ni&#380; statystyka</p></li><li><p>jak manipulowa&#263; odbiorc&#261; za pomoc&#261; wykres&#243;w i liczb</p></li><li><p>dlaczego krytyczne my&#347;lenie jest wa&#380;niejsze ni&#380; szybkie wnioski</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka" 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zrozumienie.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Podcast Mikronauka</h2><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Je&#347;li chcesz dostawa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio kolejne odcinki &#8212; mo&#380;esz zapisa&#263; si&#281; na newsletter </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Je&#347;li ten temat jest Ci bliski &#8212; to zwykle nie jest przypadek.</p></div><h2>Porozmawiajmy!</h2><p>Pracujesz nad tematem zwi&#261;zanym z bezpiecze&#324;stwem, technologi&#261;, informacj&#261; albo podejmowaniem decyzji w niepewno&#347;ci &#8212; i czujesz, &#380;e co&#347; jest trudne do uchwycenia &#8212; mo&#380;esz do mnie napisa&#263;.</p><p>Cz&#281;sto jedna dobra rozmowa pozwala zobaczy&#263; wi&#281;cej.</p><div class="instagram-embed-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;instagram_id&quot;:&quot;DB08ebmspNq&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A post shared by @arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/__ss-rehost__IG-snapshot-DB08ebmspNq.jpg&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:null,&quot;comment_count&quot;:null,&quot;profile_pic_url&quot;:null,&quot;follower_count&quot;:null,&quot;timestamp&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="InstagramToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>Nasze projekty </h1><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Podcast i newsletter nauka.news&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews"><span>Podcast i newsletter nauka.news</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mikronauka&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka"><span>Mikronauka</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MetaLaboratorium 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Myślenie naukowe — nasza supermoc — Mikronauka #5]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#322;uchaj teraz | Podcast (popularno)naukowy Mikronauka &#8212; odcinek 5: My&#347;lenie naukowe &#8212; nasza supermoc]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/myslenie-naukowe-nasza-supermoc-mikronauka</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/myslenie-naukowe-nasza-supermoc-mikronauka</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 20:35:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/197142141/d168895205d00151b8f06df4cafcc2ff.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My&#347;lenie naukowe rzadko kojarzy si&#281; z codziennym &#380;yciem. Cz&#281;sto wydaje nam si&#281;, &#380;e nauka ko&#324;czy si&#281; w laboratorium, na uczelni albo w specjalistycznych publikacjach. Tymczasem ka&#380;dego dnia podejmujemy dziesi&#261;tki decyzji, kt&#243;re w praktyce s&#261; ma&#322;ymi eksperymentami poznawczymi.</p><p>W tym odcinku podcastu Mikronauka przygl&#261;damy si&#281; temu, jak stosowa&#263; naukowy spos&#243;b my&#347;lenia poza &#347;wiatem akademickim.</p><p>Sprawdzamy, dlaczego nasz umys&#322; bardziej przypomina dzia&#322; PR-u w&#322;asnego ego ni&#380; bezstronnego s&#281;dziego, jak odr&#243;&#380;nia&#263; korelacj&#281; od przyczynowo&#347;ci i dlaczego pojedyncze badanie nigdy nie powinno by&#263; traktowane jak ostateczny dow&#243;d.</p><p>To odcinek o intelektualnej pokorze, krytycznym my&#347;leniu i budowaniu w&#322;asnego &#8222;systemu operacyjnego&#8221;, kt&#243;ry pozwala lepiej porusza&#263; si&#281; w &#347;wiecie prze&#322;adowanym informacjami, emocjami i manipulacj&#261;.</p><div><hr></div><p>W tym odcinku:</p><ul><li><p>dlaczego korelacja nie oznacza przyczynowo&#347;ci</p></li><li><p>jak rozpoznawa&#263; konflikt interes&#243;w i manipulacj&#281; danymi</p></li><li><p>czym jest p-hacking i dlaczego pojedyncze badanie to za ma&#322;o</p></li><li><p>na czym polega ci&#281;&#380;ar dowodu</p></li><li><p>jak emocje wp&#322;ywaj&#261; na ocen&#281; fakt&#243;w</p></li><li><p>dlaczego popularno&#347;&#263; nie jest dowodem kompetencji</p></li><li><p>czym jest Brzytwa Ockhama i jak pomaga filtrowa&#263; informacje</p></li><li><p>dlaczego tak trudno przyzna&#263; si&#281; do b&#322;&#281;du</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5AOI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11c2ab7d-7121-4e49-bf0e-bbbdfcdd7df3_2250x750.png 424w, 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Mikronauka</h2><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Je&#347;li chcesz dostawa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio kolejne odcinki &#8212; mo&#380;esz zapisa&#263; si&#281; na newsletter </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Je&#347;li ten temat jest Ci bliski &#8212; to zwykle nie jest przypadek.</p></div><h2>Porozmawiajmy!</h2><p>Pracujesz nad tematem zwi&#261;zanym z bezpiecze&#324;stwem, technologi&#261;, informacj&#261; albo podejmowaniem decyzji w niepewno&#347;ci &#8212; i czujesz, &#380;e co&#347; jest trudne do uchwycenia &#8212; mo&#380;esz do mnie napisa&#263;.</p><p>Cz&#281;sto jedna dobra rozmowa pozwala zobaczy&#263; wi&#281;cej.</p><div class="instagram-embed-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;instagram_id&quot;:&quot;DB08ebmspNq&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A post shared by @arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/__ss-rehost__IG-snapshot-DB08ebmspNq.jpg&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:null,&quot;comment_count&quot;:null,&quot;profile_pic_url&quot;:null,&quot;follower_count&quot;:null,&quot;timestamp&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="InstagramToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>Nasze projekty </h1><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Podcast i newsletter nauka.news&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews"><span>Podcast i newsletter nauka.news</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mikronauka&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka"><span>Mikronauka</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MetaLaboratorium 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dlaczego nauka się myli — i dlaczego to dobrze? — Mikronauka #4]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#322;uchaj teraz | Podcast (popularno)naukowy Mikronauka &#8212; odcinek 4: Dlaczego nauka si&#281; myli &#8212; i dlaczego to dobrze?]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/dlaczego-nauka-sie-myli-i-dlaczego-to-dobrze</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/dlaczego-nauka-sie-myli-i-dlaczego-to-dobrze</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 21:50:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/196357586/4313fa1b5a831f5be63ddfce644ebf7b.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nauka cz&#281;sto kojarzy si&#281; z pewnymi odpowiedziami i gotowymi faktami. A jednak w rzeczywisto&#347;ci opiera si&#281; na czym&#347; zupe&#322;nie innym &#8212; na w&#261;tpliwo&#347;ci, sprawdzaniu i ci&#261;g&#322;ym korygowaniu w&#322;asnych b&#322;&#281;d&#243;w. To napi&#281;cie mi&#281;dzy nasz&#261; potrzeb&#261; prostych wyja&#347;nie&#324; a &#347;wiatem, kt&#243;ry rzadko jest prosty i jednoznaczny.</p><p>W tym odcinku Mikronauki przygl&#261;damy si&#281; temu, czym nauka jest naprawd&#281;. Nie jako zbi&#243;r wiedzy do zapami&#281;tania, ale jako spos&#243;b dochodzenia do prawdy &#8212; oparty na pytaniach, testowaniu i gotowo&#347;ci do zmiany zdania. Pokazujemy, dlaczego &#8222;naukowo udowodnione&#8221; nie oznacza &#8222;niepodwa&#380;alne&#8221; i co to zmienia w praktyce.</p><p>To nie jest tylko temat dla naukowc&#243;w. Zrozumienie, jak dzia&#322;a nauka, pomaga podejmowa&#263; lepsze decyzje &#8212; od codziennych wybor&#243;w po ocen&#281; informacji, kt&#243;rym ufamy. W &#347;wiecie nadmiaru danych to jedna z najwa&#380;niejszych umiej&#281;tno&#347;ci.</p><div><hr></div><p>W tym odcinku:</p><ul><li><p>czym nauka r&#243;&#380;ni si&#281; od opinii i dlaczego nie jest zbiorem gotowych odpowiedzi</p></li><li><p>na czym polega proces naukowy &#8212; od hipotezy do weryfikacji</p></li><li><p>dlaczego b&#322;&#261;d nie jest pora&#380;k&#261;, tylko warunkiem post&#281;pu</p></li><li><p>co oznacza, &#380;e co&#347; jest &#8222;naukowo udowodnione&#8221; i gdzie le&#380;&#261; granice tej pewno&#347;ci</p></li><li><p>jak nauka buduje przewag&#281; pa&#324;stwa i wp&#322;ywa na jego bezpiecze&#324;stwo</p></li><li><p>dlaczego w &#347;wiecie nadmiaru informacji spos&#243;b my&#347;lenia jest kluczowym narz&#281;dziem</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0MYe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b978bba-c948-4a4f-93d0-937815f4226d_2250x750.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0MYe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b978bba-c948-4a4f-93d0-937815f4226d_2250x750.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0MYe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b978bba-c948-4a4f-93d0-937815f4226d_2250x750.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0MYe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b978bba-c948-4a4f-93d0-937815f4226d_2250x750.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0MYe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3b978bba-c948-4a4f-93d0-937815f4226d_2250x750.png" width="1456" height="485" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Dla kogo jest ten odcinek:</h3><p>Dla tych, kt&#243;rzy s&#322;ysz&#261; &#8222;badania pokazuj&#261;&#8221; i chc&#261; wiedzie&#263;, co to naprawd&#281; oznacza.</p><p>Dla tych, kt&#243;rzy nie szukaj&#261; prostych odpowiedzi, tylko sposobu ich weryfikowania.</p><p>I dla tych, kt&#243;rzy chc&#261; rozumie&#263; &#347;wiat nie tylko szybciej, ale przede wszystkim dok&#322;adniej.</p><div><hr></div><h2>O Mikronauce:</h2><p>Mikronauka to kr&#243;tkie odcinki o zjawiskach, kt&#243;re wydaj&#261; si&#281; oczywiste &#8212; dop&#243;ki nie spojrzymy na nie z naukowej perspektywy.</p><p>Ma&#322;a porcja wiedzy.<br>Du&#380;e zrozumienie.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Podcast Mikronauka</h2><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Je&#347;li chcesz dostawa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio kolejne odcinki &#8212; mo&#380;esz zapisa&#263; si&#281; na newsletter </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Je&#347;li ten temat jest Ci bliski &#8212; to zwykle nie jest przypadek.</p></div><h2>Porozmawiajmy!</h2><p>Pracujesz nad tematem zwi&#261;zanym z bezpiecze&#324;stwem, technologi&#261;, informacj&#261; albo podejmowaniem decyzji w niepewno&#347;ci &#8212; i czujesz, &#380;e co&#347; jest trudne do uchwycenia &#8212; mo&#380;esz do mnie napisa&#263;.</p><p>Cz&#281;sto jedna dobra rozmowa pozwala zobaczy&#263; wi&#281;cej.</p><div class="instagram-embed-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;instagram_id&quot;:&quot;DB08ebmspNq&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A post shared by @arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/__ss-rehost__IG-snapshot-DB08ebmspNq.jpg&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:null,&quot;comment_count&quot;:null,&quot;profile_pic_url&quot;:null,&quot;follower_count&quot;:null,&quot;timestamp&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="InstagramToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>Nasze projekty </h1><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Podcast i newsletter nauka.news&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews"><span>Podcast i newsletter nauka.news</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mikronauka&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka"><span>Mikronauka</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MetaLaboratorium Weterana&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab"><span>MetaLaboratorium Weterana</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Subskrybuj, s&#322;uchaj i czytaj</h2><p>Podcast i newsletter (popularno)naukowy nauka.news dost&#281;pny jest w aplikacji Substack oraz bezpo&#347;rednio pod adresem <a href="https://www.nauka.news">www.nauka.news</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 424w, 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Nauka vs pseudonauka. Manipulacja przebrana za naukę — Mikronauka #3]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#322;uchaj teraz | Podcast (popularno)naukowy Mikronauka &#8212; odcinek 3: Nauka vs pseudonauka. Manipulacja przebrana za nauk&#281;]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/nauka-vs-pseudonauka-manipulacja</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/nauka-vs-pseudonauka-manipulacja</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 04:01:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/195282052/c81f66b33d4b7e556a2b97c30be17593.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pseudonauka cz&#281;sto kojarzy si&#281; z naiwno&#347;ci&#261; lub brakiem wykszta&#322;cenia. A jednak nauka pokazuje, &#380;e to nie brak wiedzy jest problemem, ale to, jak sprytnie manipulacje wykorzystuj&#261; naturalne mechanizmy naszego umys&#322;u. To starcie mi&#281;dzy potrzeb&#261; prostych odpowiedzi a skomplikowan&#261; rzeczywisto&#347;ci&#261;, w kt&#243;rej rzetelna weryfikacja danych przegrywa z atrakcyjn&#261; opowie&#347;ci&#261;.</p><p>W tym odcinku podcastu <strong>Mikronauka</strong> przygl&#261;damy si&#281; granicy mi&#281;dzy rzeteln&#261; wiedz&#261; a &#8222;naukowym&#8221; be&#322;kotem. Sprawdzamy, jak rozpozna&#263; manipulacj&#281; przebran&#261; w bia&#322;y fartuch, dlaczego jedna historia potrafi przekona&#263; nas bardziej ni&#380; tysi&#261;c bada&#324; i czym r&#243;&#380;ni si&#281; proces naukowy od nienaruszalnego dogmatu.</p><p>Ale odr&#243;&#380;nianie prawdy od fa&#322;szu to nie tylko akademickie &#263;wiczenie. To narz&#281;dzie przetrwania w &#347;wiecie szumu informacyjnego, kt&#243;re chroni nasz czas, pieni&#261;dze i zdrowie przed kosztownymi iluzjami.</p><p>To odcinek o granicy mi&#281;dzy uleganiem autorytetom a samodzielnym, krytycznym my&#347;leniem.</p><div><hr></div><p>W tym odcinku:</p><ul><li><p>czym jest &#8222;naukowy kostium&#8221; i jak manipuluje si&#281; faktami wyrwanymi z kontekstu</p></li><li><p>dlaczego nauka dopuszcza mo&#380;liwo&#347;&#263; b&#322;&#281;du i co to oznacza w praktyce</p></li><li><p>na czym polega pu&#322;apka cherry-pickingu, czyli wybierania tylko wygodnych danych</p></li><li><p>jak odr&#243;&#380;ni&#263; eksperta od &#8222;tytu&#322;omanii&#8221; i dlaczego w nauce autorytetem nie jest cz&#322;owiek</p></li><li><p>czym jest koszt alternatywny, czyli dlaczego pseudonauka bywa niebezpieczna dla Twojego czasu i zdrowia</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Dla kogo jest ten odcinek:</h3><p>Dla tych, kt&#243;rzy gubi&#261; si&#281; w g&#261;szczu sprzecznych komunikat&#243;w: &#8222;badania pokazuj&#261;&#8221;. </p><p>Dla tych, kt&#243;rzy chc&#261; zbudowa&#263; w&#322;asny system wczesnego ostrzegania przed manipulacj&#261;.</p><p>I dla tych, kt&#243;rzy chc&#261; zrozumie&#263;, dlaczego nauka to proces, a nie zbi&#243;r gotowych odpowiedzi.</p><div><hr></div><h2>O Mikronauce:</h2><p>Mikronauka to kr&#243;tkie odcinki o zjawiskach, kt&#243;re wydaj&#261; si&#281; oczywiste &#8212; dop&#243;ki nie spojrzymy na nie z naukowej perspektywy.</p><p>Ma&#322;a porcja wiedzy.<br>Du&#380;e zrozumienie.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Podcast Mikronauka</h2><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Je&#347;li chcesz dostawa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio kolejne odcinki &#8212; mo&#380;esz zapisa&#263; si&#281; na newsletter </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Je&#347;li ten temat jest Ci bliski &#8212; to zwykle nie jest przypadek.</p></div><h2>Porozmawiajmy!</h2><p>Pracujesz nad tematem zwi&#261;zanym z bezpiecze&#324;stwem, technologi&#261;, informacj&#261; albo podejmowaniem decyzji w niepewno&#347;ci &#8212; i czujesz, &#380;e co&#347; jest trudne do uchwycenia &#8212; mo&#380;esz do mnie napisa&#263;.</p><p>Cz&#281;sto jedna dobra rozmowa pozwala zobaczy&#263; wi&#281;cej.</p><div class="instagram-embed-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;instagram_id&quot;:&quot;DB08ebmspNq&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A post shared by @arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/__ss-rehost__IG-snapshot-DB08ebmspNq.jpg&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:null,&quot;comment_count&quot;:null,&quot;profile_pic_url&quot;:null,&quot;follower_count&quot;:null,&quot;timestamp&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="InstagramToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>Nasze projekty </h1><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Podcast i newsletter nauka.news&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews"><span>Podcast i newsletter nauka.news</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mikronauka&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka"><span>Mikronauka</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MetaLaboratorium 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Architektura błędu. Dlaczego Twój mózg Cię oszukuje? — Mikronauka #2]]></title><description><![CDATA[Podcast (popularno)naukowy Mikronauka &#8212; odcinek 2: Architektura b&#322;&#281;du. Dlaczego Tw&#243;j m&#243;zg Ci&#281; oszukuje?]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/architektura-bledu-dlaczego-twoj-mozg-cie-oszukuje</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/architektura-bledu-dlaczego-twoj-mozg-cie-oszukuje</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2026 04:01:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/194446526/d06687466a8f31772ee7bc4c0c849c55.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>B&#322;&#281;dy poznawcze cz&#281;sto kojarz&#261; si&#281; z brakiem inteligencji lub roztargnieniem. A jednak nauka pokazuje, &#380;e to nieod&#322;&#261;czny element architektury ludzkiego umys&#322;u. To efekt ewolucyjnego kompromisu, w kt&#243;rym szybko&#347;&#263; i oszcz&#281;dno&#347;&#263; energii wygra&#322;y z precyzyjn&#261; analiz&#261; danych.</p><p>W tym odcinku <a href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka">podcastu Mikronauka</a> przygl&#261;damy si&#281; mechanizmom, kt&#243;re sprawiaj&#261;, &#380;e nasz m&#243;zg regularnie nas oszukuje.</p><p>Sprawdzamy, dlaczego autopilot niemal zawsze trzyma kierownic&#281;, jak nasze w&#322;asne przekonania buduj&#261; wok&#243;&#322; nas informacyjne klatki i dlaczego pierwsza us&#322;yszana liczba staje si&#281; kotwic&#261; dla naszych decyzji.</p><p>Ale wiedza o b&#322;&#281;dach to nie tylko ciekawostka. To narz&#281;dzie, kt&#243;re pozwala zauwa&#380;y&#263; moment, w kt&#243;rym nasz m&#243;zg idzie na skr&#243;ty.</p><p>To odcinek o granicy mi&#281;dzy pewno&#347;ci&#261; siebie a poznawcz&#261; pokor&#261;.</p><div><hr></div><p>W tym odcinku:</p><ul><li><p>czym s&#261; System 1 i System 2 oraz dlaczego my&#347;lenie &#8222;boli&#8221; </p></li><li><p>dlaczego Tw&#243;j m&#243;zg zachowuje si&#281; jak adwokat, a nie jak s&#281;dzia </p></li><li><p>jak emocjonalne obrazy w g&#322;owie zniekszta&#322;caj&#261; statystyk&#281; </p></li><li><p>na czym polega pu&#322;apka zakotwiczenia </p></li><li><p>i dlaczego najtrudniej jest zauwa&#380;y&#263; b&#322;&#261;d u samego siebie </p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xj86!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f27b142-98f5-442f-ac06-4136aa1c1e5b_2250x750.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xj86!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f27b142-98f5-442f-ac06-4136aa1c1e5b_2250x750.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xj86!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f27b142-98f5-442f-ac06-4136aa1c1e5b_2250x750.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xj86!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5f27b142-98f5-442f-ac06-4136aa1c1e5b_2250x750.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div 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Mikronauka</h2><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Je&#347;li chcesz dostawa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio kolejne odcinki &#8212; mo&#380;esz zapisa&#263; si&#281; na newsletter </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Je&#347;li ten temat jest Ci bliski &#8212; to zwykle nie jest przypadek.</p></div><h2>Porozmawiajmy!</h2><p>Pracujesz nad tematem zwi&#261;zanym 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Intuicja to nie magia. Co mówi o niej nauka? — Mikronauka #1]]></title><description><![CDATA[Pos&#322;uchaj teraz | Podcast (popularno)naukowy Mikronauka &#8212; odcinek 1: Intuicja to nie magia. Co m&#243;wi o niej nauka?]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/intuicja-to-nie-magia-co-mowi-o-niej-nauka</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/intuicja-to-nie-magia-co-mowi-o-niej-nauka</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 10 Apr 2026 23:08:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://api.substack.com/feed/podcast/193842278/4a66924ca2e2b1ada53c64350fa56fae.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Intuicja cz&#281;sto kojarzy si&#281; z czym&#347; trudnym do uchwycenia &#8212; przeczuciem, impulsem, &#8222;wewn&#281;trznym g&#322;osem&#8221;.</p><p>A jednak nauka pokazuje, &#380;e w wielu przypadkach nie ma w niej nic magicznego.</p><p>To efekt pracy m&#243;zgu, kt&#243;ry rozpoznaje wzorce szybciej, ni&#380; jeste&#347;my w stanie je &#347;wiadomie przeanalizowa&#263;.</p><p>W tym odcinku <a href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka">podcastu Mikronauka</a> przygl&#261;damy si&#281; intuicji z perspektywy naukowej. Sprawdzamy, sk&#261;d bierze si&#281; jej skuteczno&#347;&#263;, dlaczego do&#347;wiadczenie odgrywa kluczow&#261; rol&#281; i kiedy szybkie decyzje mog&#261; by&#263; trafniejsze ni&#380; d&#322;ugie analizy.</p><p>Ale intuicja ma te&#380; swoje ograniczenia.<br>Czasem prowadzi do b&#322;&#281;d&#243;w, uproszcze&#324; i fa&#322;szywych wniosk&#243;w.</p><p>To odcinek o granicy mi&#281;dzy trafnym rozpoznaniem a poznawcz&#261; iluzj&#261;.</p><div><hr></div><h3>W tym odcinku:</h3><ul><li><p>czym naprawd&#281; jest intuicja</p></li><li><p>co m&#243;wi o niej nauka</p></li><li><p>dlaczego do&#347;wiadczenie wzmacnia intuicyjne decyzje</p></li><li><p>kiedy warto jej zaufa&#263;</p></li><li><p>i kiedy lepiej si&#281; zatrzyma&#263;</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>Dla kogo jest ten odcinek:</h3><p>Dla tych, kt&#243;rzy podejmuj&#261; decyzje &#8212; szybko albo pod presj&#261;.<br>Dla tych, kt&#243;rzy czasem &#8222;czuj&#261;&#8221;, &#380;e co&#347; jest nie tak, ale nie potrafi&#261; tego uzasadni&#263;.<br>I dla tych, kt&#243;rzy chc&#261; lepiej rozumie&#263; w&#322;asne my&#347;lenie.</p><div><hr></div><h2>O Mikronauce:</h2><p>Mikronauka to kr&#243;tkie odcinki o zjawiskach, kt&#243;re wydaj&#261; si&#281; oczywiste &#8212; dop&#243;ki nie spojrzymy na nie z naukowej perspektywy.</p><p>Ma&#322;a porcja wiedzy.<br>Du&#380;e zrozumienie.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Podcast Mikronauka</h2><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Je&#347;li chcesz dostawa&#263; bezpo&#347;rednio kolejne odcinki &#8212; mo&#380;esz zapisa&#263; si&#281; na newsletter </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="pullquote"><p>Je&#347;li ten temat jest Ci bliski &#8212; to zwykle nie jest przypadek.</p></div><h2>Porozmawiajmy!</h2><p>Pracujesz nad tematem zwi&#261;zanym z bezpiecze&#324;stwem, technologi&#261;, informacj&#261; albo podejmowaniem decyzji w niepewno&#347;ci &#8212; i czujesz, &#380;e co&#347; jest trudne do uchwycenia &#8212; mo&#380;esz do mnie napisa&#263;.</p><p>Cz&#281;sto jedna dobra rozmowa pozwala zobaczy&#263; wi&#281;cej.</p><div class="instagram-embed-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;instagram_id&quot;:&quot;DB08ebmspNq&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;A post shared by @arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;author_name&quot;:&quot;arturdubiel&quot;,&quot;thumbnail_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/__ss-rehost__IG-snapshot-DB08ebmspNq.jpg&quot;,&quot;like_count&quot;:null,&quot;comment_count&quot;:null,&quot;profile_pic_url&quot;:null,&quot;follower_count&quot;:null,&quot;timestamp&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true}" data-component-name="InstagramToDOM"></div><div><hr></div><h1>Nasze projekty </h1><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Podcast i newsletter nauka.news&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews"><span>Podcast i newsletter nauka.news</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Mikronauka&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/mikronauka"><span>Mikronauka</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;MetaLaboratorium Weterana&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/metalab"><span>MetaLaboratorium Weterana</span></a></p><div><hr></div><h2>Subskrybuj, s&#322;uchaj i czytaj</h2><p>Podcast i newsletter (popularno)naukowy nauka.news dost&#281;pny jest w aplikacji Substack oraz bezpo&#347;rednio pod adresem <a href="https://www.nauka.news">www.nauka.news</a>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic" width="1080" height="1080" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:99469,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/i/190836322?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6R3e!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc11a22dd-98a9-472f-98d7-120dcec57b70_1080x1080.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Projekt: Mikronauka]]></title><description><![CDATA[Nauka jest jednym z najwi&#281;kszych osi&#261;gni&#281;&#263; ludzkiej cywilizacji. To dzi&#281;ki niej rozumiemy &#347;wiat, rozwijamy medycyn&#281;, technologi&#281; i gospodark&#281; a tak&#380;e odr&#243;&#380;nia&#263; fakty od przekona&#324; i wiedz&#281; od opinii.]]></description><link>https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/mikronauka</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.arturdubiel.com/p/mikronauka</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Artur J. Dubiel]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 10 Mar 2026 14:54:42 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset image2-full-screen"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_5760,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07Hi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F795f6631-46c8-4120-ad0c-02cbe128f2f9_1500x500.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h1>Mikronauka</h1><p>Nauka jest jednym z najwi&#281;kszych osi&#261;gni&#281;&#263; ludzkiej cywilizacji.</p><p>To dzi&#281;ki niej rozumiemy &#347;wiat, rozwijamy medycyn&#281;, technologi&#281;, komunikacj&#281; i gospodark&#281;. To dzi&#281;ki niej potrafimy odr&#243;&#380;nia&#263; fakty od przekona&#324; i wiedz&#281; od opinii.</p><p>A jednak dla wielu ludzi nauka pozostaje czym&#347; odleg&#322;ym.</p><blockquote><p>Czym&#347; zamkni&#281;tym w murach uczelni.<br>Czym&#347; zapisanym w trudnych publikacjach.<br>Czym&#347; zarezerwowanym dla specjalist&#243;w.</p></blockquote><p>Projekt <strong>Mikronauka</strong> powsta&#322; z przekonania, &#380;e tak nie powinno by&#263;.</p><p>Nauka nie jest elitarnym klubem.</p><p>Jest metod&#261; rozumienia &#347;wiata.</p><p>Dlatego powinna by&#263; dost&#281;pna dla ka&#380;dego &#8212; niezale&#380;nie od wieku, miejsca zamieszkania, wykszta&#322;cenia czy statusu spo&#322;ecznego.</p><p>Mikronauka to pr&#243;ba przybli&#380;enia &#347;wiata wiedzy w najprostszej mo&#380;liwej formie: kr&#243;tkich, zrozumia&#322;ych form o najwa&#380;niejszych poj&#281;ciach i zjawiskach naukowych.</p><p>Nie jest to kurs akademicki.</p><p>Nie jest to wyk&#322;ad.</p><p>To zaproszenie do my&#347;lenia.</p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Nauka w ma&#322;ych dawkach - jedno poj&#281;cie, kilka minut.</strong></p><p style="text-align: center;">Kr&#243;tkie formy, artyku&#322;y i podcasty, przyst&#281;pne wyja&#347;nienia poj&#281;&#263; naukowych, wiedza dost&#281;pna dla ka&#380;dego. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subskrybuj&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;pl&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subskrybuj projekt <strong>MIKRONAUKA</strong> i odbieraj nauk&#281; w ma&#322;ych dawkach!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Wpisz sw&#243;j adres e-mail&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subskrybuj"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Bezp&#322;atnie, bez spamu, mo&#380;esz zrezygnowa&#263; w ka&#380;dej chwili. </p><div><hr></div><p>W &#347;wiecie nadmiaru informacji coraz wa&#380;niejsze staje si&#281; rozumienie tego, <strong>jak powstaje wiedza</strong>.</p><blockquote><p>Jak dzia&#322;a metoda naukowa.<br>Dlaczego statystyka bywa myl&#261;ca.<br>Czym r&#243;&#380;ni si&#281; hipoteza od teorii.<br>Jak rozpozna&#263; pseudonauk&#281;.</p></blockquote><p>Mikronauka powsta&#322;a r&#243;wnie&#380; z my&#347;l&#261; o ograniczaniu <strong>wykluczenia edukacyjnego</strong>.</p><p>Wiedza nie powinna zale&#380;e&#263; od miejsca zamieszkania, dochodu czy dost&#281;pu do instytucji edukacyjnych.</p><p>Je&#347;li masz dost&#281;p do internetu i kilka minut czasu &#8212; masz dost&#281;p do nauki.</p><p>Dlatego wszystkie materia&#322;y w tym projekcie s&#261; publiczne i bezp&#322;atne.</p><p>Mikronauka nie obiecuje prostych odpowiedzi na wszystkie pytania.</p><p>Ale pokazuje co&#347; wa&#380;niejszego:</p><p><strong> - jak zadawa&#263; dobre pytania.</strong></p><p>Bo nauka zaczyna si&#281; w&#322;a&#347;nie od tego.</p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;">Zobacz tak&#380;e: <a href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews">Newsletter popularnonaukowy nauka.news</a> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic" width="1456" height="364" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:364,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122926,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/s/naukanews&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/i/190510868?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fRfU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6b03f1ae-2a2e-47b2-be82-94b6d4813112_1456x364.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p> </p><p><em>Bywajcie zdrowi, bywajcie bezpieczni</em></p><p><em>Artur J. Dubiel</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic" width="1080" height="1080" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1080,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:99469,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/heic&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.arturdubiel.com/i/190497189?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K0fP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6f7069e4-400e-451b-b11f-e67fc44d57e6_1080x1080.heic 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>